Much Ado About Nothing Essay Love - 1047 Words

One of the most complicated experiences in life, love cannot be precisely defined, but some basic indications help to characterize the feeling. Love is a very deep, passionate affection one person has for another or a relationship of the same nature that implies a unique intensity of emotion. It requires an especially strong connection and compatibility between two people, usually identified by a total understanding and respect for each other and a fundamental similarity in ideology. Love can also be seen in the way it alters people’s normal behavior; when someone is in love, the object of their affection seems like the most important thing in the world, and they do extreme things for that feeling to be requited. Love cannot easily be†¦show more content†¦Beatrice says of Benedick, â€Å"I know you of old† (I.1.56), proving they already have a significant connection, which explains their ability to anticipate and quickly counter each other’s remarks. In addition to having an intellectual understanding of each other, Beatrice and Benedick also exemplify the definition of love when tricked into falling in love. Despite their incredibly sharp intuitions, Beatrice and Benedick both blindly believe Hero, Don Pedro, and Claudio’s unconvincing attempts to make them fall in love. When Claudio tricks Benedick, he says Beatrice â€Å"Then down upon her knees she falls, weeps, sobs, beats her heart, tears her hair, prays, curses: ‘O sweet Benedick! God give me patience!’† (II.3.71), clearly something Beatrice, who openly mocks any sign of romance, would never do. However, Benedick’s true feelings for her cloud his better judgement, and he accepts Claudio’s claims. Hero deceives Beatrice in a similar manner, and Beatrice also declares she will â€Å"...requite thee, / Taming my heart to thy loving hand† (III.1.111-112), displaying her willingness to totally change herself for Benedick. This sud den change of character suggests that Beatrice and Benedick unknowingly wanted each other’s love from the beginning, and their desire hinders their usually well-informed instincts. Their love continues to lead them to act uncharacteristically tame, as seen when Don Pedro and Claudio tease Benedick about being in love. When they call himShow MoreRelated Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Beatrice, Benedick, and Love879 Words   |  4 PagesBeatrice, Benedick, and Love in Much Ado About Nothing William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing   is set in thirteenth century Italy.   The plot of the play can be categorized as comedy or tragicomedy .  Ã‚  Ã‚   Villainy and scheming combine with humor and sparkling wordplay in Shakespeares comedy of manners. Claudio is deceived into believing that Hero, is unfaithful. Meanwhile, Benedick and Beatrice have a kind of merry war between them, matching wits in repartee.   This paper will attemptRead MoreEssay on Benedick and Beatrices Love in Much Ado About Nothing1356 Words   |  6 Pagesmeeting reunites Beatrice with her archrival, Benedick, and it is here that Claudio and Hero fall in love. React: In Shakespeare’s Much Ado about Nothing, there are the usual characters that show up in most of Shakespeare’s pieces. For instance the characters Hero and Claudio could easily be compared to Romeo and Juliet. Both Hero and Juliet are innocent, quite, and beautiful young women who fall in love instantly without conversing with the other person. Likewise, Claudio and Romeo decide to marryRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Many Facets of Love Explored847 Words   |  4 PagesMany Facets of Love Explored in Much Ado About Nothing      Ã‚   In Shakespeares romantic comedy Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare focuses a great deal of time to the ideas of young, lustful, and intellectual love. Claudio and Hero, Borachio and Margaret, and Benedick and Beatrice, respectively, each represent one of the basic aspects of love. Shakespeare is careful to point out that not one path is better than another. The paths are merely different, and all end happily. Shakespeare also exploresRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing And Hamlet1503 Words   |  7 Pagesare William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing and Hamlet. As for the characters from each play, Beatrice, Benedict, Don John, Don Pedro, Claudio, and Hero will be assessed from Much Ado About Nothing and from Hamlet, Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Polonius, Laertes, and Ophelia. The importance of the above characters from each play is that they serve as the basis for identifying characteristics. Love, hate, and marriage, are three characteristics of Much Ado About Nothing that reveal its main characterRead MoreBeatrice and Benedick as a Couple in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing1336 Words   |  6 PagesBeatrice and Benedick as a Couple in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing is a Shakespeare play set in Mecina. It is a comedy, about Don Pedro and his friends. The play focuses on the relationships of the characters, especially that of Beatrice/Benedick and Claudio/Hero. The two romances follow two different ideas, one an average romance in Shakespeares day, the other a not so average romance. Beatrice and Benedicks history together isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing 995 Words   |  4 PagesEssay 2 Power is often a theme of Shakespeare’s plays. It is what separates the nobility from the commoners, and it often what the various characters seek. Yet when it comes to power in Shakespeare’s plays, it is often associated with male characters that are seeking it, such as King Richard of Richard III and Macbeth of Macbeth. There is little discussion of power concerning women because unlike their male counterparts, women of Shakespeare’s (and even modern) time are often overshadowed by theRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare as a Satire Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare as a Satire This essay will analyse the way in which Shakespeare makes this comedy bitterly satirical, and a comment on not only the pretentious style and swank of Spaniards, namely Don Pedro and his gang, but human stupidity as a whole. Much Ado About Nothing portrays the issues of sex, war, marriage and chivalric courtly love in an ironic and satirical way. On a topical level, the play satirises Spanish, Sicilian andRead MoreGender Roles In Much Ado About Nothing1059 Words   |  5 Pages This essay is an exploration of the play Much Ado About Nothing, and the gender roles involved in the deceit and trickery that transpire and develop throughout the story. As gender is one of the main themes in the plot, identifying the expected gender roles of the characters, and how the contrast between characters highlights these expected roles. In Shakespeare s time, known as the Elizabethan Era, men and women’s roles and expectations were starkly different. Elizabethan women, no matter whatRead More How Does Shakespeare portray Women in Much Ado About Nothing?1928 Words   |  8 PagesHow Does Shakespeare portray Women in Much Ado About Nothing? I believe eavesdropping plays a very important role in Much Ado. Therefore, I have chosen to answer this essay question, as I feel strongly about it. In the play, Shakespeare makes use of eavesdropping by using it as a comic device, but also to sort out situations so that the play is able to go on. I will be focussing upon two events in particular to show this. Each event will present a different form of eavesdropping being usedRead More The Dramatic Significance of Act four Scene One of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing1642 Words   |  7 PagesDramatic Significance of Act four Scene One of William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Act 4 in the romantic comedy Much ado about nothing is of great dramatic significance to the whole play, as it is in Scene 1 where Shakespeare brings out the different sides of the characters to illustrate the complexities of love and relationships. Act 4 Scene 1 is clustered with different incidents and in this essay, I will go through each event and describe its importance to the

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Regulating Violence Portrayed in the Media Free Essays

string(104) " have entertained such aggressiveness nor is there a need that the individual be attracted to violence\." Two themes have emerged as dominant in recent media broadcasts: sex and violence. These two themes have proven to garner high ratings from viewers and they further ensure the success of television programs and cinema movies. Viewers themselves rank programs which feature either or both of these themes as favorites. We will write a custom essay sample on Regulating Violence Portrayed in the Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of greater impact it seems is the evolution of violence as depicted in the media. With the aid of modern technology, especially as employed in animation and special effects, the depiction of violence has been further facilitated and enhanced. Furthermore, the proliferation of violent programs provides easy access to the same by viewers of all backgrounds, young and old as well as impressionable and guarded alike. This reflects that regulatory boards and associations are no longer able to keep up with the numerous programs deployed containing violent content. On the other hand, the ease with which violent content may be accessed might be attributed to a slackening in standards. This is reflected in the programs which depict violent and gory images aired for children. Sometimes, as is the case with a lot of Japanese animation, the violence portrayed for the youth surpasses even that depicted for mature viewing. Scope and Nature of the Research This research intends to study the role of violence as portrayed on the screen on aggressive behavior of viewers. It is the goal of this paper to assess whether or not there is a need to regulate the extent of depicted violence on screen. Should it be shown that such a need exists, then the reasonableness of the regulation to be made will be broached. No distinction will be made between programs aired on television and those shown in movie theaters. Neither will distinction be made between programs with purely violent content and programs which only dedicate a portion of the airtime to violence. Included in the programs and movies to be analyzed will be news programs, fictional stories, and even animation. It will be borne in mind that what is of importance in this study is not so much the manner in which the violence is depicted but more on the effect that portrayals of violence has on the viewing public. What will be taken into account will be the effect that violence has on the individual behavior as well as on the society at large bearing witness to it. Given the response of persons, whether implicit or explicit, to portrayals of violence, a close look will be taken as to the effect of regulating the violent content of movies and programs in the cinema and on television. A brief analysis will be made regarding the effect such a regulation might have on viewer ratings and on the process of regulation itself. It is only as regards this aspect of regulation that an analysis of acceptable levels of violence will be made. Therefore, it is only in outlining a rational process of regulation wherein the manner of depicting violence will be assessed. These are the research goals and delimitations within which this paper will be made. Research Issues Such goals have been borne out of an observation that the increase in violent programs shown on screen have resulted in a related increase in crime and violence in the community. Several empirical research data have been obtained which support this observation. Although there has been contradictory evidence obtained which also tend to refute supporting evidence, the fact remains that in some populations and studies, a positive correlation has been drawn between television violence and violence in the individual and in the community. Furthermore, actual cases have been observed wherein felonies have been committed mimicking behavior aired on television or shown in a movie. This reflects the danger of giving free license to creativity in violent films. This is particularly so in programs wherein the characters are permitted to accomplish their criminal objectives without resulting in action by legal or police authorities. Not only as regards criminal behavior, but even in programs reflecting suicide behavior, there has been shown a duplication effect in the acts of viewers. Thus it is shown that concepts shown by the media give ideas to the audience regarding behavior that they themselves might engage in. Taking into consideration the extent of violent acts that can possibly be depicted in films today and the variety of programs accessible to different viewers, we are faced with the problem of having to control for an infinite number of different atrocities in any given community. Given these facts, the emerging issue is undeniably whether or not regulation may effect a means of control for aggressive and violent behavior in societies exposed to violence in films. Given that violent programs have already been introduced into the regular broadcast of media, would its belated regulation result in a discernable change? Furthermore, up to what extent should regulation be made in order that an observable decline is found in violent behavior of the public? Theoretical Framework The focus and issues of this paper is based on several theoretical foundations. These theories serve to ground the rationalizations and argumentations made regarding the relationship of media portrayed violence and actual violent behavior. An understanding of the theoretical framework of such a relationship will support the importance of regulation and provide a background for determining the level of regulation required. The first underlying theory bases the relationship on cognitive priming. Cognitive priming focuses on the ability of a stimulus to activate similar stimuli causing a chain of reactions as a result of the initial stimulus presented. This type of inference from one stimulus to another is largely dependent on built-in associations established in the memory pathways of the individual. Applying this approach to violence, it is theorized that the violence in films stimulates previously held aggressive thoughts or tendencies in an individual. In fact, the individual need not necessarily have entertained such aggressiveness nor is there a need that the individual be attracted to violence. You read "Regulating Violence Portrayed in the Media" in category "Essay examples" The only aspect required on the part of the individual when considering the cognitive priming approach is that there is a natural link made between the violent scene or act viewed with other violent behaviors – both those personally experienced and those simply associated on basis of logic. Emotional arousal is different from cognitive priming in this sense because in emotional arousal, the natural tendency is key in bringing forth aggressive behavior as a result of witnessing a violent program. It should be noted that arousal merely energizes dominant behavior in a particular situation. Therefore, arousal produced by watching violent programs merely facilitates or intensifies a predisposition for violence. However, if there is no prior propensity for aggression, then there is no object to be energized by the arousal resulting from violent films. Another reason why individuals are encouraged to act on their aggression after viewing violent behavior is a probable sponsor effect which operates on the mind of the viewer. This effect results from a perspective regarding the person of the sponsor endorsing the violent program. This effect is said to have relevance when certain socialization norms dominate the understanding of the viewer causing him or her to gain respect for certain authority figures – such as the ones who have permitted the airing of the violent program. Given that the acts in the program were encouraged and not prohibited, then certainly the imitation of the same in actual life should warrant the same encouragement or at least a degree of tolerance. It can thus be seen from the above theories that repeated exposure to violence on films causes an increase in permissiveness for deviant behavior. Furthermore, the lack of portrayal of punishment of violence causes viewers to rationalize that they themselves are capable of escaping reprimand should they perform the same acts. As regards sensationalized victims of violence, individuals may even bring home the message that should they themselves receive the violence witnessed, they too should receive attention and momentary fame. All these signals represent misinformed ideologies about the role and effect of violence in society thus resulting in socially maladaptive and harmful behavior. The Research Process Considering the nature of the study to be made, several resources should be tapped in order to gain a holistic view as to the present standing of matters. Adequate research would also reflect the rational future steps to be made in terms of regulation. First, relevant material pertaining to present regulatory guidelines pertaining to violence should be obtained. Given, the guidelines, an assessment should be made whether or not the same are applied. Next, an actual study should be made gathering data from a chosen population regarding the effect on aggression in viewers of the permitted level of violence in films. Should it be found that there is a significant relationship, then research must be made as to what level of viewed violence would not result in such violent viewer behavior. The results should then display the effect such a regulation would have on viewer behavior by reviewing the data collected from the population organized. Furthermore, television viewer ratings of violent programs should be noted in order that a determination may be made as to the effect regulation will have on the ratings of networks and movie houses. From the above it can thus be seen that legislative acts, experimental data, and media network data sheets will be utilized in order to solidify a firm resource base for the results of the study. In obtaining such resources, several research methods will need to be used, first of such will be the interview method. Members of movie regulatory bodies will have to be interviewed regarding the process of review and the standard of violence permitted in movies. Also, officers of media networks or their representatives should be interviewed in order to gain an accurate estimation of the quantifiable effect of violence in shows on viewer ratings. Apart from interviews however, a field study should be conducted regarding the effect of particular levels of violence on viewers. In order to facilitate data collection, certain levels of violence will already be categorized and the viewers of such kinds of violence disseminated among the groups. Data will then be collected through a series of questionnaires and self-report tests. It is hypothesized that the study will reveal that there is a lack if media regulation of violence on television programs and movie shows resulting in heightened levels of violence in the community. Increased regulation of media portrayals of violence will however serve to dampen the awareness of the public regarding the variety of violent acts. Regulation will also serve to maintain the authority of legal and police figures in controlling violent behavior. Thus, there should be an increase in regulation of violence in the media. Works Cited Felson, Richard. â€Å"Mass Media Effects on Violent Behavior.† Annual Review of Sociology 22 (1996): 103-128. The author effectively synthesizes the large body of work related to the effects of mass media on resulting aggressive behavior in the viewer. The paper is objective and presents data supporting and defeating the relationship of depictions of violence with actual violent behaviors. The presentation sticks to the relevant data in the mass of previous studies conducted regarding the topic. Yet the detail embedded in the paper serves to enhance the reader’s knowledge of past studies. The paper is holistic as it takes into account concepts and theories as well as empirical data gathered. Pirkis, Jane, Burgess, Philip, Blood, R. Warwick, and Francis, Catherine. â€Å"The Newsworthiness of Suicide.† Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 37(3) (2007): 278-283. The authors herein take on a very limited perspective on the role of media on suicidal behavior. The theory implemented herein is that of modeling and emulation only. A further limitation of the paper is that it only considers those suicide attempts which were real and covered by news programs. The authors focus on the danger that viewers may imitate the behavior of sensationalized and detailed suicidal acts. Several examples are given as to actual cases wherein media-covered suicides were copied by viewers of the news program. The authors themselves also suggest stricter regulation of suicides which are to be deemed as newsworthy and as to what aspects regarding the suicide should be revealed to the public. How to cite Regulating Violence Portrayed in the Media, Essay examples

Excellence in Leadership

Question: Discuss about theExcellence in Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Business Ethic and How Could be Applies Business ethics are defined to be the moral principles and policies which guide how the organization, individual and group behave in an organization. The principles and guidelines provide an organization with the framework on how to relate to the environment and they would achievement their strategic goals without interfering with the activities of people and another enterprise in an environment. The business ethics gives the organization a platform of behaving according to the acceptable code of conduct, by following the substantial procedure in their normal daily operation. Therefore, business ethics are the essential elements which define the operation of an institution in relation to the acceptable code of conduct(Arend, 2013). Business ethics are primary criteria which are used by people and other institution to judge the activities undertaken by the company while it moves towards improving their performance as we achieving the set goals and objectives. Business ethics play a key role in the decisional process of an organization, they judgment on right or wrong in relation to the decision to be made in an organization(Shaw, 2016). Example of business ethics is working with the clients, an organization should set a framework which embraced provides principles and guidelines to employee while they serve clients, customers are the prime stakeholder in an organization they determine the existence of the company in a business environment, employees should treat client honestly and fairly without cheating on them in any case(Burnes, 2004). The company should develop an extensive approach which will guide employee while they perform their job functions. Leadership Styles Identified in Kurt Lewin Leadership is a strategic management approach which defines the success of an organization. Leadership involves the process of identifying and communicating clear visions and core values of the business. It is defined to be the process of influencing individual and working groups in an organization to work towards achieving the same goals and objective(Jung, 2014). Different scholar has defined leadership styles according to their research findings, Kurt Lewin defines leadership style as a methodology and an approach to implementing organizations plans, motivating people and providing direction to employees in an organization. Kurt Lewin identified various leadership styles which comprise the following(Morden, 2016). Authoritarian or Autocratic Authoritarian is a leadership which is being by leaders and managers who dictates policies, procedures as well as deciding what goals to be achieved in an organization without considering others in the decision-making process. According to Lewin, authoritarian leadership style is characterized by less creativity in decision-making process compared to other leadership styles(Burnes, 2004). Democratic This is an essential leadership style that indicates the clear approach of achieving strategic goals in an organization. It is also explained to participative leadership style where all the employees are involved in decisional making procedure in an organization, the involvement of other stakeholders makes embraces the effectiveness of democratic leadership style in a business firm(Arend, 2013). Laissez-Faire or Delegate Laissez-Faire is a leadership style that gives the employee and opportunity to fully make major decision relating to their activities in the organization. In this leadership style, mangers and leaders are not fully involved in the decision-making process, they delegate all the decision-making duties to the subordinates(Jung, 2014). World Health Safety Act 2012 Consultation is the provision of the WHS Act of 2012, the main purpose of the consultation act provided by Word Health and Safety is to improve the performance and related activities in health organization. WHS Act of 2012 reflects modern excellence work safety, addressing the emerging issues and contemporary work measures. Consultation act ensures that employees in a health institution are consulting with the management in identifying and addressing vital issues relating to the health safety practices(Chein, 2010). Consultation act 2012 aim towards allowing the health workers and management to develop measure of managing the emerging issues in health safety and practices. Consultation allows workers to have in higher morale, enhances job satisfaction and increased productivity, thus it acts as the motivational approach(Blodgett, 2016). ABCDecks Mission, Purpose, Objectives and Core Calues Mission ABCDecks is committed to building long-term relationships based on integrity, performance, value, and client satisfaction. To provide a dynamic and quality services that will ensure customer satisfactions. Purpose 1) To build client relationships upon the foundation of trust, confidence, and integrity. 2) To our purpose by being committed to giving totally the most noteworthy conceivable quality workplace for our representatives; treating our exceptionally esteemed customers, business partners, material merchants, and subcontractors with loyalty, honesty and respect; and by applying the qualities of our organization to our every step. Objectives The company objectives will comprise the following 1) Increase revenues 2) Have strong customer satisfaction 3) Have positive reputation and image in the market environment 4) Respect of laws and regulations Core Values The core values of the company will include 1) Integrity 2) Accountability 3) Commitment 4) Trust 5) Work Ethics 6) Measured Performance 7) Excellence How an Organization Manage Change Organizational change is exercised when an organization wants to move from one state to another state. Change resistance is one of the issues arising from organizational changes, it implies employees who resist the transition of the organization(Cummings, 2014). The changes made in the organization may force the employees to counterattack because of the imposition and consequence of same changes in an organization(Burke, 2013). Change management is the strategic approach which should be used by the management while striving towards managing and reducing the resistance to change by the employees. Involvement of Employees in Decision-Making This is one of the essential approaches that needs to be considered by the management while reducing and managing change in an organization. This approach recommends that employees should be involved in making the decision relating to changes to be made in the organization(Burke, 2013). Communication Communication is also a primary factor and a strategic approach which is used in managing change in an organization. Problem arises in the organization as a result of the organization management and leadership failing to communicate the intended changes to the subordinates, this, therefore, forces the employee to resist the changes made by the management(Cummings, 2014). References Arend, R. J., 2013. Ethics-focused dynamic capabilities: a small business perspective. Small Business Economics. s.l.:s.n. Blodgett, M. S. M. L. J. . P. J. H., 2016. Social Enterprise: Raffirming Public Purpose Governance Through Shared Value.. Journal of Business Securities Law, 16(2), p. 305. Burke, W. W., 2013. Organization change: Theory and practice. s.l.:Sage Publications. Burnes, B., 2004. Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: a reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ appraisal.. Journal of Management studies, , 41(6), pp. 977-1002. Chein, E. H., 2010. Culture: The missing concept in organization studies. Administrative science quarterly. s.l.:s.n. Cummings, T. G. . W. C. G. (., 2014. Organization development and change.. s.l.: Cengage learning.. Jung, Y. J. M. G. . M. T., 2014. Identifying the Preferred Leadership Style for Managerial Position of Construction Management. International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management , 3(2), pp. 47-56. Kolb, A. Y. . K. D. A., 2012. Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of management learning education,. In: s.l.:s.n., pp. 193-212. Morden, T., 2016. Principles of strategic management. s.l.:Routledge. Shaw, W., 2016. Business ethics: A textbook with cases. s.l.:Nelson Education.

Western Civilization and Gandhi free essay sample

Assignment: â€Å"Gandhi was asked what he thought about Western Civilization. He replied I think it would be a good idea.   Please comment referencing the various themes that we discussed in class possibly from the perspective of Sophia. † Course: Wisdom and Civilization, Garrison, NY. September 26th – 30th, 2011 For Credit towards my Master’s Degree in Wisdom/Spirituality with Wisdom University. Post-Paper by: Marie Trout [emailprotected] com Abstract Western Civilization has been successful in some ways and not so in others. It has relied heavily on dogma and been characterized by linear patriarchal institutionalization, centralization and hierarchy. Western Civilization is based on a worldview of â€Å"Doctrinism†. Here an attitude of â€Å"us versus them,† â€Å"right versus wrong† and â€Å"good versus evil† have been dominant attributes. The Wisdom inherent in Sophia and Gaia might help inform and connect us with our innate wisdom instincts as we move onto a path of new discovery while the old structures fall around us. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Civilization and Gandhi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A combination of both lessons from Western Civilization, the wisdom of Sophia and Gaia along with the new discoveries within quantum science, transpersonal psychology, nature resonance, astronomy, spirituality and much more will be needed as humanity trek ever onwards on its evolutionary road. Introduction â€Å"It is not nationalism that is evil; it is the narrowness, selfishness, exclusiveness which is the bane of modern nations which is evil. Each wants to profit at the expense of, and rise on the ruin of, the other. (1) This quote from Gandhi sums up fairly well, what I think he hinted at with his tongue in cheek answer to the question about Western Civilization. Narrowness (of mind), selfishness, and sense of being â€Å"better than† are all mental attitudes that shape the thoughts, feelings and actions of every man, woman and child who have them. If these thoughts are and have been prevalent in a civilization obviously you see the results manifest in the kinds of action s that are taken by same civilization. I have looked at the historical background for some of these mental attitudes and a few other ones that I believe have contributed to shape the state and trajectory of Western Civilization today! I have also attempted to take a look at what a new World Civilization might a look like if we take these attitudes of narrowness, selfishness and exclusiveness out of the dominant societal equation. If humankind were to raise its consciousness level to live beyond these attitudes, what special prospects might be here for us precisely at this moment in time? What opportunities might be here that were never available to us before? How much more efficient might we be at creating new structures if we look to how far we have come without applying feelings of guilt? How do we connect to a forward-looking attitude that offers us the chance, skill, and know-how to create the world anew at this time of partial or total collapse of the old? Nature Dominance and Destruction in Western Civilization (Selfishness) I have chosen to define Western Civilization as commencing around the fall of the Roman Empire and the simultaneous rise of the influence of the Christian faith in the early centuries AD. Before Christianity became a weapon for political advancement of the power structures of society, pagan human self-understanding was rooted in nature-based animism. In the pre-Christian Greco-Roman era man believed that there were spirits in nature that needed to be consulted and appeased before man could chop down a tree or plow a field. (2) The new Christian faith endorsed a philosophy that encouraged the human race to be indubitably in command over nature. This view was of course based on the Judaic notion that man was put on earth to be in charge, benefit from and in fact â€Å"subdue the earth† and â€Å"have dominion over every creeping thing that creepeth on the earth. † (3) Thus in the Judeo-Christian worldview, furthered by the new Christian Empire, there was no longer an obligation to hesitate when it came to a utilization of nature for human gain and exploitation. Up through the Middle Ages, as Christianity increased its influence over human thinking and advanced into Northern Europe (which had not been possible for the â€Å"might alone† Romans), human connection to nature and the Cosmos was seen progressively more as sinful and punishable by death. This belief was based on quotes such as: â€Å"He deposed of†¦. those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun and the moon and the constellations and all the host of the heavens. † (4) One might speculate that in order to really kill off the more nat ure based and druidic beliefs of the Northern European countries, the connection to nature came to be seen as a threat to the Christian faith by the church, and therefore it was made increasingly suspect to be communicating with, or be instinctually in touch with Nature. In other words, if God himself could â€Å"depose of† those who believed in nature spirits and who honored a druidic appreciation of the Cosmos, well so could man! Therefore Christianity was able to cunningly take over where a military take-over had previously been impossible by the Romans. The Catholic Church managed this coup by very cleverly coming in as a wolf in sheep’s clothing masquerading as the natural continuation of the old pagan beliefs. Previous holy sites and places of worship were acquisitioned and altered by the church – and little by little resistance faded and the new faith took root supported by local rulers and kings who stood to gain politically from embracing the new faith and its ability to contain the people. (5) As Christian self-righteousness and absolute faith progressively dominated a fearful population, the churches prosecuted and lit many a fire under practitioners of the ancient wisdom traditions and believers of nature based wisdom. This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. † (6) As the battle cry of the church intensified in the Middle Ages, it became in vogue to burn and destroy not only nature itself, but nature- connected humans! Consequently many of the practitioners of the ancient wisdom traditions that were aligned with and connected to nature, cosmos, as well as those who had an â€Å"inner† knowledge/mystical awareness, were at grave ris k of getting burned at the stake. They were labeled â€Å"sensual, earthly or devilish,† seen as a threat, made suspect, and eventually killed! It is therefore not too farfetched to say that a connectedness to Nature within and without has been demonized by the church and the political power structures throughout Western Civilization. It has in actuality for many centuries been directly punishable by death! Is it any wonder that the human race has erased from its awareness much of our ancient memory of connectedness to nature? For centuries we have been categorically dissuaded from any attempts to honor or to communicate with the natural world. Any desire to do so in the Christianity based Western Civilization has been punished by banishment from the community or ultimately by death. Certitude and Exclusivity (Narrowness and Exclusiveness) In the Gospel of John Jesus is quoted as saying: â€Å"I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man comes unto the Father, but by me. †(7) And elsewhere also in the Gospel of John: â€Å"Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. † (8) The Christian faith is very specific about the absolute promise of Salvation to the exclusive chosen ones who stay true to the One True God. Building on the sense of the Jews as God’s chosen people; the Christian faith went even further. By removing the faith from its tribal limitations it was able to sweep people of all races and all nationalities, making the Christian faith the new tribe of individual salvation. (9) The Catholic Church was able to persuade king after king, in both city states and nations, to adopt Christianity as the political power-faith of choice. The option given was always one of â€Å"us† or â€Å"them†. If you were not one of the chosen ones, the True Believers, you were seen as unworthy and lost. It was therefore sanctioned by the church to make others â€Å"like us. † Missionary work was encouraged, and the ones that were not able to be converted were not worthy of living and could easily be disposed of. As it states in Matthew 28:19-20 â€Å"Go therefore and make disciples of all nations,† was cleverly thought of to mean that the missionaries were not serving the church but rather was helping to save humanity. It was a matter of preserving the souls of the ignorant pagans and not relinquishing them to eternal damnation! So off the Christian Missionaries went to â€Å"save the world. Of course, since there was one way and one way only, it was paramount that the missionaries taught the others, but did not themselves pick up any â€Å"bad habits. † This was a â€Å"my way or the highway† type of approach. Thus the missionaries were authorized by the church to convert, dominate or control people who thought different, or who simply were different. A horrifying example of this can be seen in the White Man’s conquest of the native population both in Australia and the United States that allowed the Christian invaders to simply demolish and destroy the native population in cold blood. These violent and arrogant actions were approved and encouraged by the church. And interpretations of the natives as primitive, non-Christian and savage were at the core of this paradigm. Thus to slaughter and destroy this native population was no more an immoral proposition than it was to cut down a tree or slaughter a buffalo. The native population was seen as pagan (half-naked, with different laws around sexuality) and as devilish (worshiping and honoring nature) and therefore there was nothing wrong with the Christian man slaughtering and destroying the native population. The Native population was simply regarded as if they were weeds to pull out of the fields before they could be put under the plow. The â€Å"us† killed â€Å"them† and it was all done out of good Christian duty! Certitude has been encouraged by the Abrahamic Religions in general. Christianity share the same jealous Judaic God syndrome with Islam and therefore many a religious war, crusade and terrorist attack has been waged at the behest of a proposed defense of the â€Å"one and only truth†. Western science has likewise been caught up in the syndrome of certitude in its quest to appear unquestionable and absolute. The interesting thing about this kind of belief is that one can only â€Å"prove objectively† that which builds on previous findings! Science is slow to embrace new evidence, especially the kind of proof that shatters the preconceived findings that have been accepted before. Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake in Rome in the year 1600 for his refusal to back down from his conviction that Copernicus was right in his heliocentric understanding of our universe. I believe we find ourselves in similar quandaries today as we grapple with the inclusion of the radical findings of neuroscience, transpersonal psychology as well as quantum science. Thankfully we do not burn people at the stake anymore! Serious science prides itself at being provable. And as much as I agree with the need to verify and critically analyze findings, I also know that sometimes we need to accept results that consistently prove themselves, but are outside the realm the current paradigm of accepted science. So how does one enlarge one’s world view? How do we add new knowledge, if we are limited by what has been accepted within the current paradigm? We are living with a scientific model that only validates what can be measured and weighed with our five senses. Anything beyond that is scoffed at and relegated to the realms of â€Å"the para-normal,† â€Å"psychic† or â€Å"the religious. † Richard Dawkins proudly proclaims that â€Å"science is based upon verifiable evidence. Religious faith not only lacks evidence, its independence from evidence is its pride and joy. (10) Proponents of a strictly scientific worldview allude to the spiritual experience as a kind of mumbo jumbo that is lumped in with proponents of organized religion. â€Å"Theres all the difference in the world between a belief that one is prepared to defend by quoting evidence and logic and a belief that is supported by nothing more than tradition, authority, or revelation. †. (11) Howe ver to me there is a world of difference between a dogmatic acceptance of creed and a spiritual experience that is personal, intense and undeniable. Or findings in transpersonal psychology outside the strict Western medical paradigm, and therefore is relegated to the realms of â€Å"mental illness†. Or actual â€Å"hard science† that seems to prove that there is a potential for traveling faster than light, or particles smaller than we thought. Science however, is slow to come around and accept such findings when they are fundamentally changing what we previously accepted as â€Å"fact†. Again we have an â€Å"us versus them† view that pits proponents of â€Å"good verifiable science† and the more experimental and paradigm-shattering kind against each other. The level of certitude of what is true and false tends to be absolute for both proponents of both Western science and organized religion and therefore as much as Dawkins might want to set himself apart from believers of religion, I believe he himself is just as caught up in a limiting world view as those he denounces with intense fervor. Nonetheless both science and religion are stuck in world views that keep them both from really looking outside their own limited world view. Repression and Violence John Harvey Kellogg was an esteemed business man and the co-creator of the Kelloggs Cereal Company. He was also a leader in the formation of the American Medical Missionary College and an influential writer on health and wellness in the late 1800’s America. He was a Seventh Day Adventist and advocated such practices as applying carbolic acid to the clitoris of young women to prevent sexual arousal. He was a staunch proponent of sexual abstinence and saw masturbation as threatening to human health and society. He suggested wiring the foreskin shut in young boys to effectively prevent an erection. He also advocated applying electrical current to the sexual organs at time of arousal. These kinds of measures would be efficient tools in ridding society of all the ills stemming from the sexual urges. He was a proponent of circumcision of boys with no anesthetic, â€Å"especially (†¦to) be connected with the idea of punishment. † (12) In marriage Mr. Kellogg saw the sexual urge as no less than â€Å"legalized prostitution. † (13) Mr. Kellogg was just one of many respected medical practitioners of the time, who interpreted the sexual drive as something to repress and inhibit at all cost. Many societal ills, death and destruction were interpreted by him and many like him as directly linked to the human sexuality. Long before Mr. Kellogg’s wonder practices became all the rage on the American plains, the Catholic Church had long been one of the largest contributors to this kind of suppression of the human urge to procreate. Prohibiting the sexual urges has directly led to centuries of sexual abuse in the church. These cases are now well documented and starting to undermine the reign of the Papal Dynasty. The way the fundamentalist Islamic world treats human sexuality is even more barbaric and laden with including female circumcision and prevalent rape. The Abrahamic religions, and the power structures that have embraced them, have systematically labored to make human nature, including our sexuality, seem so suspect and dangerous that it has been at the heart of its mission to demonize it. Much energy has been spent on how to punish humans who were transgressing, and how to make an example out of them. This has of course directly led to violence perpetrated by the power structures trying to contain the people from exploring (their own) nature (burnings, executions, torture, Mr. Kellogg’s prescriptions, etc. But it has also led down the path of repressed and frustrated urges manifesting and expressing themselves in their shadowy forms of violence, scorn and cruelty. In America, judging by the standards used to rate movies, we are still much more lenient towards allowing unspeakable violence than we are comfortable at allowing a bare breast or a naked buttock to be seen on the screen by our youth. Blood, gore and violence are h owever included in almost every video game and every movie that we allow to babysit our popcorn-eating youngsters. Human nature expressed holistically includes our basic urge to procreate, expressed in our sexuality. When made suspect and repressed (beyond a normal level that allows us to function among other people) powerful, perverse and brutal actions might result. The shadow side of our sexuality if it is not allowed to find appropriate and adequate expression is often tragic. Grof has another way of linking sex and violence by pointing out that the two are intrinsically linked in the 3rd birth matrix. He would say that as we wander through life without consciously looking at the deeper personal pre-natal layers, as well as the archetypal collective forces, we are doomed to relive and in fact attract certain patterns all through our lives in unconscious search for completion. Grof thus joins the theories about human behavior of Freud (sexual drive) and Adler (will for power) with his own transpersonal views and offers an understanding that points out that the joining of sex and violence stems from an unconscious desire for freedom from the painful experiences in the third perinatal birth matrix. 14) Grof, however would agree that the worst thing to do with any urges from the unconscious mind is to suppress them permanently. During most of the time span of Western Civilization Nature and human nature has been reduced to its most basic, shadowy and lowly tendencies by the repression and denial of its natural form by church and other powers. There is no doubt in my mind that this mist aken expression of religion, through the denial of sexual nature, has contributed to further the violent outbursts inherent in terrorism and in the wars of our world. 15) The connection between repressed, abusive sexuality and violence is beyond doubt, whether you view this through the lens of Adler, Jung, Freud or Grof. This same trend of forced sexual suppression is also seen in fundamentalist Islamic countries. Whether in Judaism, Islam or Christianity this repression of natural urges stems from a misunderstood practice of the religion of a jealous monotheistic (and sex-hating) God who accepts no competition from nature, cosmos or man himself.

Free Essays on A Great Philosopher King

â€Å"A Great Philosopher King† The Philosopher King in someone who come closest to the form of goodness, goodness itself. The Philosopher King will know what is the best for his or her people because of the desire and love for knowledge. The Philosopher King can view things that ordinary people do not see. The person that I feel that could have come closest to Plato’s theory was a great woman who lived to help others. Mother Teresa who real name is Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, was born in Skopje, Yugoslavia in year 1910. She took her vow in 1928 as a nun, and then she taught in St. Mary’s High School in Calcutta for nineteen years. The suffering and poverty outside of the convert made her devote herself to working among the poor in the slums of Calcutta. Without money she started an open-air school for homeless children. Voluntary helpers, and financial support was given from church organizations, which made it possible for her to extend her work. In Oct. 7, 1950 she received permission to start her own order called â€Å"The Missionaries of Charity,† the primary goal was to love and care for those people that one cares about. She established fifty relief projects operating in India. In these relief projects she helped slum-dwellers, children’s homes, homes for the dying, clinics and a leper colony. The projects have spread in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Italy, Great Britain, Ireland and United States. Mother Teresa has caught the attention of the world; she has received awards for her goodness. In 1971 she received the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize. In 1972 she received the Nehru Prize for her promotion of international peace and understanding. The last award she got was in 1979 the Balzan Prize for promoting peace and brotherhood among the nations. â€Å"I choose the poverty of our poor people. But I am graceful to receive (the Nobel) in the name of the hungry, the naked, the homeless, of the crippled, of the blind, of th... Free Essays on A Great Philosopher King Free Essays on A Great Philosopher King â€Å"A Great Philosopher King† The Philosopher King in someone who come closest to the form of goodness, goodness itself. The Philosopher King will know what is the best for his or her people because of the desire and love for knowledge. The Philosopher King can view things that ordinary people do not see. The person that I feel that could have come closest to Plato’s theory was a great woman who lived to help others. Mother Teresa who real name is Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, was born in Skopje, Yugoslavia in year 1910. She took her vow in 1928 as a nun, and then she taught in St. Mary’s High School in Calcutta for nineteen years. The suffering and poverty outside of the convert made her devote herself to working among the poor in the slums of Calcutta. Without money she started an open-air school for homeless children. Voluntary helpers, and financial support was given from church organizations, which made it possible for her to extend her work. In Oct. 7, 1950 she received permission to start her own order called â€Å"The Missionaries of Charity,† the primary goal was to love and care for those people that one cares about. She established fifty relief projects operating in India. In these relief projects she helped slum-dwellers, children’s homes, homes for the dying, clinics and a leper colony. The projects have spread in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Italy, Great Britain, Ireland and United States. Mother Teresa has caught the attention of the world; she has received awards for her goodness. In 1971 she received the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize. In 1972 she received the Nehru Prize for her promotion of international peace and understanding. The last award she got was in 1979 the Balzan Prize for promoting peace and brotherhood among the nations. â€Å"I choose the poverty of our poor people. But I am graceful to receive (the Nobel) in the name of the hungry, the naked, the homeless, of the crippled, of the blind, of th...

#1 - the effectiveness of graphic organizers #2 -Learning vocabulary Article

#1 - the effectiveness of graphic organizers #2 -Learning vocabulary through reading - Article Example There were earlier studies in the area, though limited in scope, which have brought out the positive aspects of graphic organizers. The reviewed study aims to provide additional knowledge in the recently implemented systems where remedial students and students with learning disabilities are mainstreamed, and it could ostensibly lead to significant research in the field. The review of literature is carried out promptly, mentioning studies in the field by Bergerud, Lovitt, and Horton, Darch and Carnine, Sinatra et.al., Scruggs et.al., Mastropieri et. al., and so on. The review goes in detail to the significance of their studies and critically evaluates them, establishing the necessity of the present study. It also establishes a theoretical framework, holds scope to make use of the effectiveness of graphic organizers for students with learning handicap to the relatively new aspect of mainstream instruction. The authors succeed in relating previous research to their work. The study has three research questions which are hypothesized in affirmative answers. The questions are: 1. are the graphic organizers more effective than self-study condition for the three classifications mentioned? 2. do graphic organizers produce consistent effects in middle school and high school across a variety of content area classes? and 3. can teachers successfully implement graphic organizers with heterogeneous groups through teacher-directed and student-directed procedures? The hypothesis is consistent with theory and known facts. It is explained as testable, and promised to provide expected results. The methodology is explained with sufficient clarity so as to allow future researchers to replicate it for their purposes. The population used is selected from nine whole classes of three each from middle school science, middle school social studies and high school social studies. From each subject area, two classes are randomly selected to serve as experimental groups and